# PostgreSQL 7.1.3 Reference Manual

### The PostgreSQL Global Development Group

Copyright © 1996-2001 by PostgreSQL Global Development Group

Table of Contents
I. SQL Commands
  ABORT -- Aborts the current transaction
  ALTER GROUP -- Add users to a group, remove users from a group
  ALTER TABLE -- Modifies table properties
  ALTER USER -- Modifies user account information
  BEGIN -- Begins a transaction in chained mode
  CHECKPOINT -- Force transaction log checkpoint
  CLOSE -- Close a cursor
  CLUSTER -- Gives storage clustering advice to the server
  COMMENT -- Add comment to an object
  COMMIT -- Commits the current transaction
  COPY -- Copies data between files and tables
  CREATE AGGREGATE -- Defines a new aggregate function
  CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER -- Create a trigger to support a constraint
  CREATE DATABASE -- Creates a new database
  CREATE FUNCTION -- Defines a new function
  CREATE GROUP -- Creates a new group
  CREATE INDEX -- Constructs a secondary index
  CREATE LANGUAGE -- Defines a new language for functions
  CREATE OPERATOR -- Defines a new user operator
  CREATE RULE -- Defines a new rule
  CREATE SEQUENCE -- Creates a new sequence number generator
  CREATE TABLE -- Creates a new table
  CREATE TABLE AS -- Creates a new table from the results of a SELECT
  CREATE TRIGGER -- Creates a new trigger
  CREATE TYPE -- Defines a new base data type
  CREATE USER -- Creates a new database user
  CREATE VIEW -- Constructs a virtual table
  DECLARE -- Defines a cursor for table access
  DELETE -- Removes rows from a table
  DROP AGGREGATE -- Removes the definition of an aggregate function
  DROP DATABASE -- Removes an existing database
  DROP FUNCTION -- Removes a user-defined C function
  DROP GROUP -- Removes a group
  DROP INDEX -- Removes existing indexes from a database
  DROP LANGUAGE -- Removes a user-defined procedural language
  DROP OPERATOR -- Removes an operator from the database
  DROP RULE -- Removes existing rules from the database
  DROP SEQUENCE -- Removes existing sequences from a database
  DROP TABLE -- Removes existing tables from a database
  DROP TRIGGER -- Removes the definition of a trigger
  DROP TYPE -- Removes user-defined types from the system catalogs
  DROP USER -- Removes a user
  DROP VIEW -- Removes existing views from a database
  END -- Commits the current transaction
  EXPLAIN -- Shows statement execution plan
  FETCH -- Gets rows using a cursor
  GRANT -- Grants access privilege to a user, a group or all users
  INSERT -- Inserts new rows into a table
  LISTEN -- Listen for a response on a notify condition
  LOAD -- Dynamically loads an object file
  LOCK -- Explicitly lock a table inside a transaction
  MOVE -- Moves cursor position
  NOTIFY -- Signals all frontends and backends listening on a notify condition
  REINDEX -- Recover corrupted system indexes under stand-alone Postgres
  RESET -- Restores run-time parameters to default values
  REVOKE -- Revokes access privilege from a user, a group or all users.
  ROLLBACK -- Aborts the current transaction
  SELECT -- Retrieves rows from a table or view
  SELECT INTO -- Creates a new table from the results of a SELECT
  SET -- Set run-time parameters
  SET CONSTRAINTS -- Set the constraint mode of the current SQL-transaction
  SET TRANSACTION -- Set the characteristics of the current SQL-transaction
  SHOW -- Shows run-time parameters
  TRUNCATE -- Empty a table
  UNLISTEN -- Stop listening for notification
  UPDATE -- Replaces values of columns in a table
  VACUUM -- Clean and analyze a Postgres database
II. PostgreSQL Client Applications
  createdb -- Create a new Postgres database
  createuser -- Create a new Postgres user
  dropdb -- Remove an existing Postgres database
  dropuser -- Drops (removes) a Postgres user
  ecpg -- Embedded SQL C preprocessor
  pgaccess -- PostgreSQL graphical client
  pgadmin -- Postgres database management and design tool for Windows 95/98/NT
  pg_config -- Provides information about the installed version of PostgreSQL
  pg_dump -- Extract a Postgres database into a script file or other archive file
  pg_dumpall -- Extract all databases into a script file
  pg_restore -- Restore a Postgres database from an archive file created by pg_dump
  psql -- Postgres interactive terminal
  pgtclsh -- PostgreSQL Tcl shell client
  pgtksh -- PostgreSQL Tcl/Tk shell client
  vacuumdb -- Clean and analyze a Postgres database
III. PostgreSQL Server Applications
  createlang -- Add a new programming language to a Postgres database
  droplang -- Remove a programming language from a Postgres database
  initdb -- Create a new Postgres database cluster
  initlocation -- Create a secondary Postgres database storage area
  ipcclean -- Clean up shared memory and semaphores from aborted backends
  pg_ctl -- Starts, stops, or restarts postmaster
  pg_passwd -- Manipulate a text password file
  postgres -- Run a PostgreSQL single-user backend
  postmaster -- PostgreSQL multi-user database server

List of Examples
1. Example of a circular rewrite rule combination:

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